(3/20) Addiction is a complex disease that affects people from all walks of life. While the reasons individuals develop addictions vary, trauma and mental health issues often play a significant role. Understanding how trauma contributes to addiction can provide insight into more effective treatment approaches.
The Link Between Trauma and Addiction
Trauma, especially in childhood, profoundly impacts brain development and functioning. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) like abuse, neglect, household dysfunction, or loss of a parent rewire the brain's reward and stress circuits. This makes individuals more susceptible to seeking external methods of mood-altering like drugs or alcohol later in life.
Studies show a strong correlation between ACEs and substance abuse. According to the National Survey of Adolescents, teens who had experienced abuse of some kind were 3 times more likely to struggle with alcohol dependency and four times more likely to experiment with drugs than teens with no ACEs.
Ongoing trauma in adulthood also increases addiction vulnerability. Situations like domestic violence, military trauma, accidents, or assaults keep the brain and body in a constant state of stress. Unresolved trauma maintains hyperarousal symptoms like anxiety, insomnia, anger, and depression. Drugs and alcohol serve as a temporary escape from these uncomfortable emotions.
The Addiction Spiral
Once addiction takes hold, it often spirals out of control quickly. Substance abuse causes changes in brain chemistry that reduce impulse control and decision-making abilities. As tolerance builds, more significant amounts are required to achieve the same high. This pattern of increased usage despite the consequences is a hallmark of addiction.
Obtaining and using drugs or alcohol becomes an all-consuming activity. Relationships, jobs, and health decline. However, stopping is extremely difficult due to dependence and withdrawal symptoms. The addicted person feels helpless and out of control, leading to feelings of shame and worthlessness. This creates a vicious cycle where substances are used to numb emotional and physical pain.
Co-Occurring Disorders
Since trauma and addiction are so intertwined, they often occur together. Up to 35% of people struggling with addiction also have a co-occurring mental health disorder like PTSD, depression, or anxiety.
Attempting to treat addiction alone without addressing underlying trauma and mental health needs has limited effectiveness. Drugs or alcohol were a way to cope with distressing symptoms. If those root causes are ignored, relapse is much more likely.
Integrated Treatment
Fortunately, many rehab centers now offer integrated treatment for co-occurring disorders. A comprehensive assessment identifies any underlying trauma, mental illness, and patterns of substance abuse. Individual and group therapy help process trauma in a safe environment. Medication assists with detox, cravings, and psychiatric issues. Mindfulness practices build coping skills. Community support provides encouragement for maintaining sobriety.
